If you own a small or senior dog, you may have heard of mitral valve disease (MVD)—one of the most common heart conditions in canines. This disease affects the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently, leading to serious health complications if left untreated.
Why should dog owners be concerned?
- MVD is especially prevalent in small breeds like Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Dachshunds, and Chihuahuas.
- Early detection and treatment can significantly improve quality of life and longevity.
- Many dogs show subtle early signs, making awareness crucial.
In this guide, we’ll break down what MVD is, its symptoms, treatment options, and how you can help your pup live a healthier life.
What Is Mitral Valve Disease (MVD) in Dogs?
The mitral valve is a small flap in the heart that ensures blood flows in the right direction. When this valve degenerates, it fails to close properly, causing blood to leak backward (regurgitation).
How Does MVD Affect a Dog’s Heart?
- The heart must work harder to compensate for the leak.
- Over time, this leads to enlargement of the heart and fluid buildup in the lungs.
- If untreated, it progresses to congestive heart failure (CHF).
Why Are Small and Senior Dogs More Prone?
- Age-related wear and tear is the most common cause.
- Genetics play a role—some breeds inherit weaker valves.
- Smaller dogs have higher heart rates, putting more stress on the valve over time.
Causes and Risk Factors of MVD in Dogs
While aging is the primary cause, other factors can contribute:
1. Genetic Predisposition
- High-risk breeds: Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (up to 90% develop MVD), Dachshunds, Chihuahuas, Pomeranians, and Miniature Poodles.
2. Age & Wear and Tear
- Most cases appear in dogs over 8 years old.
3. Other Contributing Factors
- Obesity – Extra weight strains the heart.
- Dental disease – Bacteria from gum disease can enter the bloodstream and affect heart valves.
Symptoms of Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs
MVD symptoms worsen over time, so recognizing early signs is key.
Early-Stage Symptoms
- Soft, occasional cough (especially at night or after lying down)
- Reduced stamina (tiring easily on walks)
- Slight breathing changes (more panting than usual)
Moderate to Severe Symptoms
- Persistent cough (due to fluid in lungs)
- Labored breathing (rapid or shallow breaths)
- Exercise intolerance (reluctance to move or play)
- Fainting episodes (from poor blood flow)
Late-Stage (Heart Failure) Signs
- Bloated abdomen (fluid retention)
- Blue-tinged gums (lack of oxygen)
- Severe lethargy
If your dog shows any of these symptoms, see a vet immediately.
Diagnosing MVD: What to Expect at the Vet
Early diagnosis extends lifespan and improves quality of life.
1. Physical Exam
- Heart murmur detection (a whooshing sound indicating valve leakage).
2. Diagnostic Tests
- X-rays – Checks heart enlargement and fluid in lungs.
- Echocardiogram (ultrasound) – Detailed images of valve function.
- Blood test (NT-proBNP) – Measures heart stress levels.
Treatment Options for Mitral Valve Disease
While MVD has no cure, treatments slow progression and ease symptoms.
1. Medications
- Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide) – Reduce fluid buildup in lungs.
- ACE inhibitors (e.g., Enalapril) – Improve blood flow.
- Pimobendan (Vetmedin) – Strengthens heart contractions.
2. Diet & Lifestyle Changes
- Low-sodium diet – Reduces fluid retention.
- Moderate exercise – Avoids overexertion.
- Weight management – Less strain on the heart.
3. Advanced Care (Severe Cases)
- Oxygen therapy – Helps with breathing difficulties.
- Surgery (if available) – Valve repair is rare but emerging.
Life Expectancy and Prognosis for Dogs with MVD
- Early-stage MVD: Dogs can live years with proper care.
- Late-stage (CHF): Survival ranges from 6-18 months with treatment.
Key factors affecting prognosis:
- Early detection
- Consistent medication
- Regular vet monitoring
Prevention and Early Detection Tips
While MVD can’t always be prevented, these steps help:
✅ Regular vet check-ups (especially for high-risk breeds).
✅ Monitor for early symptoms (cough, fatigue).
✅ Maintain good dental hygiene (prevents heart strain from infections).
FAQ’s – Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs
Can MVD be cured?
No, but treatment can manage symptoms and slow progression.
What’s the life expectancy of a dog with MVD?
Depends on stage—early detection can mean several years, while late-stage CHF may limit survival to months.
Should I limit my dog’s exercise?
Yes, avoid overexertion, but light activity is still beneficial.
Are there natural remedies for MVD?
Some supplements (like omega-3s) support heart health, but always consult your vet first.
Final Thoughts-Early Action Saves Lives
Mitral valve disease is common but manageable. If your dog is a small breed or senior, stay alert for symptoms like coughing or fatigue.
Key takeaways:
✔ Early vet visits improve outcomes.
✔ Medications and diet changes help.
✔ Regular monitoring is crucial.
If you suspect MVD, don’t wait—schedule a vet check-up today. Your pup’s heart will thank you!
