Key Highlights
- Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a disease in dogs that slowly gets worse. This progressive disease effects the spinal cord and causes rear leg paralysis.
- Older dogs are mainly affected by this disease, which is similar to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in humans.
- A genetic mutation increases the risk, especially in breeds like German Shepherds and Corgis.
- Typical signs are weakness in the hind legs, loss of coordination, and eventually paralysis.
- There is no cure for DM, but supportive care, like physical therapy, can help manage symptoms and improve the quality of life.
Our Boxer dog Sparks, seen often in this blog in memes and pictures is suffering from DM.
Degenerative myelopathy, often called DM, is a serious disease that affects the spinal cord in dogs. This condition affects how well dogs can move and enjoy their lives. It gets worse over time. As DM advances, dogs may find it harder to walk and control their movements. Although it is not painful to dogs, is is debilitating. In fact, one of the things that makes it more difficult for dog owners is that, your dog will generally remain their happy, playful self! It’s important for dog owners to learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatments for DM. This knowledge helps them make better choices for their pets and improve their quality of life.
Exploring Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) in Dogs
Degenerative myelopathy (DM) in dogs is similar to Lou Gehrig’s disease in humans. It is seen in breeds like German Shepherds, Corgis, Boxers, Bernese Mountain Dogs, Rhodesian Ridgebacks and more than 25 other breeds. It usually occurs in dogs from 8-14 years of age, but can occur before that time. DM often shows up as a loss of coordination and hind limb paralysis. To diagnose it, vets may use genetic testing, MRI, or nerve biopsies. Sadly, there is no cure for DM. Treatment focuses on improving quality of life. This is done through physical therapy and supportive care.
Defining DM: A Progressive Disease
Degenerative myelopathy is a progressive disease. This means its effects get worse over time. In the beginning, the signs may be mild. They are often confused with normal age-related problems in dogs. However, as the spinal cord’s degeneration continues, symptoms become clearer.
This disease is similar to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which affects people. Like ALS, DM harms the nerve cells that control muscle movements. This leads to weakness and may cause paralysis gradually.
The back legs are usually the first to show signs of DM. Dogs may start to wobble, drag their paws, or struggle to stand. As the disease worsens, paralysis can spread to other parts of the dog’s body. This can greatly affect the quality of life of the dog.
The Science Behind DM: Understanding the Genetics
Research has identified a specific genetic mutation in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. This mutation is a major risk factor for developing degenerative myelopathy (DM). The SOD1 gene makes an enzyme that helps protect cells from harmful free radicals.
Dogs can inherit two copies of this mutated gene, one from each parent. Those dogs are at a higher risk of developing canine degenerative myelopathy. However, not every dog with this genetic trait will get the disease.
The SOD1 mutation raises the chance of DM, but other environmental and genetic factors also contribute to the onset and progression of the disease. For breeders and dog owners, understanding these genetic factors is important. It helps them make smart choices and possibly reduce the risk of passing on this serious condition.
Identifying the Signs of DM in Canines
Early detection of degenerative myelopathy (DM) is very important. It helps in giving support and improving your dog’s quality of life. Knowing the common symptoms, especially in breeds that are likely to get DM, can help spot problems early.
The first signs can be hard to notice. They usually show up as small changes in how your dog walks, especially in the back legs. Keep an eye on your dog’s mobility. Look for any weak spots or loss of coordination. Catching the condition early can make a difference. Symptoms may include:
- Gradual loss of coordination in the hind limbs
- Dragging of the hind feet
- Loss of muscle mass in the hind legs
- Difficulty standing up or walking
- Wobbling or swaying while standing
- Incontinence or difficulty controlling bowel movements
Early Stages: What to Watch For
Recognizing early signs of degenerative myelopathy can be tough. This is because the symptoms can look like other common issues seen in older dogs. One of the first signs you might see is a loss of coordination in the hind legs. Your dog may walk with a “drunken” style.
You could also see your dog having trouble getting up from lying down or going up stairs. Their paws might bend under, which causes them to walk on their knuckles. This can lead to scrapes or sores.
As the disease gets worse, the muscle mass in the hind legs may decrease. Your dog may also get tired more quickly during walks or play. It’s important to notice these early symptoms. Seeing a vet soon can help manage the condition better.
Progression: Recognizing Advanced Symptoms
As degenerative myelopathy (DM) gets worse, it becomes clear that dogs are losing the ability to move their back legs. Walking gets hard for them, and many dogs start to drag their feet. This can cause their nails to wear down and might even hurt their paws.
Sadly, the disease can lead to paralysis of the hind limbs. In this state, the dog cannot hold up its own weight. At this point, owners might think about using mobility aids like harnesses or wheelchairs. These tools can help the dogs keep some independence.
Along with losing mobility, advanced DM can also cause problems with bowel control. This means that the dog may not be able to control their bathroom needs. This issue can be tough for both the dog and the owner, which needs extra care and hygiene steps.
Diagnostic Approaches for DM
Diagnosing degenerative myelopathy (DM) takes several steps. First, a vet must do a complete check-up. This is important because the clinical signs can look like signs of other diseases. It’s essential to rule out these other conditions to recognize DM properly.
Next, diagnostic imaging like X-rays or MRIs is used. This helps to see the spinal cord and check for any problems like structural changes. Genetic testing for the SOD1 mutation is also important. This is especially true for dog breeds that are more likely to get this harmful disease.
Veterinary Evaluation: The First Step
The process for finding out if your dog has DM starts with a full check-up by the vet. The vet will ask you about your dog’s health history. This includes when the clinical signs appeared and how they have changed over time.
Next, the vet will do a physical exam. They will look at your dog’s walk, reflexes, and muscle mass. The vet will watch how your dog moves to see if there is any weakness, coordination issues, or pain.
After this first check, the vet may suggest more tests. These tests can help tell DM apart from other conditions that might have similar symptoms. This will help the vet make a clear diagnosis.
Advanced Diagnostics: Imaging and Genetic Testing
Once other conditions have been ruled out, advanced diagnostic procedures may be recommended to confirm the presence of DM. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for a detailed visualization of the spinal cord, revealing any structural abnormalities or lesions.
Genetic testing plays a vital role in diagnosing DM, especially in breeds known to be predisposed to the condition. DNA analysis can identify the presence of the SOD1 gene mutation, which is a significant risk factor.
| Test | Description |
| MRI | Provides detailed images of the spinal cord to assess for lesions or compression. |
| Genetic Testing | Analyzes DNA to detect the presence of the SOD1 gene mutation |
Navigating Treatment Options for DM
There is no cure for degenerative myelopathy. However, there are different ways to treat it. These treatments help manage symptoms, slow down the progression, and improve the dog’s quality of life. The best results often come from a mix of therapies that fit the dog’s individual needs.
One way to help is through physical therapy. This therapy maintains muscle mass and improves mobility. It can also delay the onset of paralysis. Supportive care is also important. It includes help with moving, managing the bladder, and easing pain. This care ensures the dog’s comfort during the illness.
Managing Symptoms: Physical Therapy and Supportive Care
Managing symptoms of degenerative myelopathy is important to keep your dog comfortable and improve their quality of life. Physical therapy is key. It helps strengthen muscles, boosts coordination, and can slow down paralysis.
Regular exercise is important too. Activities like walking, swimming, and gentle range of motion exercises help keep muscle mass and flexibility. Using devices like slings or harnesses can offer extra support. This helps dogs stay active for a longer time.
Supportive care can make life easier for your dog. This includes giving them soft bedding to stop pressure sores, helping with urination and defecation, and giving pain relief medication if needed.
Emerging Therapies: The Latest Research
While we do not have a cure for degenerative myelopathy (DM) yet, research is making progress. Organizations like the AKC Canine Health Foundation are helping support studies to understand this hard-to-treat disease better.
There are clinical trials running right now. These trials are looking at new therapies such as therapeutic laser, photobiomodulation, stem cell treatments, gene therapy, and new medications such as Riluzole. These could help slow down or stop the progression of DM. These advances in veterinary medicine give hope to dogs suffering from this condition and their owners.
Still, be careful when you hear about miracle cures. Always talk to a veterinarian before trying any new treatment for DM. Some alternative therapies might not be safe or supported by scientific research.
FAQ’s-Degenerative Myelopathy in Dogs
Can diet and supplements make a difference in DM management?
While there is no diet or supplement that can cure DM, a balanced diet that matches your dog’s breed and regular exercise can help with overall health. Talk to your veterinarian for advice that fits your dog’s needs.
Are there any support groups for owners of dogs with DM?
Providing non-slip rugs, ramps, and easy access to food and water can help a dog with DM move around better. Investing in a supportive bed and using harnesses can also make them more comfortable. This can improve their quality of life.
Are there any support groups for owners of dogs with DM?
Connecting with other owners who share similar challenges can give you great support. Online forums and groups for DM, sometimes linked to veterinary schools like the University of Missouri or Ohio State University, are good places to share your experiences and resources.
Degenerative Myelopathy in Dogs-Final Thoughts
Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) in dogs is a disease that gets worse over time. It is important to understand and care for our pets during this process. Spotting the signs early and getting a proper diagnosis is key. We should also look into treatment options available. There are ways to help your dog, like physical therapy and new research. Making their living space comfortable and talking to a vet can greatly improve their quality of life. Stay informed and take action. Remember, you are not alone in this. Together, we can give the best care and support to our pups in need.
We have had great help and support from a Facebook group called Tysons Love and Hope on Wheels, Founded By Denise Stewart. Visit their great group for more.
