Is a Chihuahua Right for You?
Chihuahuas may be tiny, but they absolutely do not think of themselves that way. Confident, intense, and deeply devoted to their chosen humans, this breed often behaves like a much larger dog trapped in a very small body. That boldness is part of their charm — and one of the main reasons they can surprise unprepared owners. While loyal and affectionate, Chihuahuas tend to be highly alert, opinionated, and sometimes suspicious of strangers. Without early socialization and consistent boundaries, that confidence can easily turn into reactivity or defensive behavior.
Chihuahua At a Glance
Temperament: Bold, alert, fiercely loyal
Breed Type: Toy companion dog
Height: 5–8 inches
Weight: Up to 6 pounds (breed standard)
Lifespan: 14–17 years
Shedding: Low to moderate (varies by coat)
Exercise Needs: Low but mentally stimulating
Good for Families: Yes (with respectful handling)
Best for Owners: Attentive, consistent owners
Origin: Mexico
Size: Very small
Chihuahua Origin
The Chihuahua has its roots in Mexico which is where they are believed to have originated. Chihuahua means ‘Between Two Waters’. There are many theories about the Chihuahua’s history, but most sources agree that it actually began with dogs bred by the Toltec civilization (which was active between 500 and 900 AD).
Chihuahua’s Ancestor
This Ancient breed of Dog called the Techichi, which was about twice the size of the modern day Chihuahua, are thought to be early ancestors of the Chihuahua. Unlike the Chi, these early dogs were said to be mute and only came with long coats. They were often buried and mummified with their owners as they were believed to be guardians of the afterlife.
Chihuahua’s in the United States
Mexican Chihuahuas began appearing in the U.S., particularly in border states like Texas and Arizona, often sold as exotic souvenirs. A Chihuahua named “Midget” became the first of the breed registered by the American Kennel Club in 1904, but the breed remained rare. They were not very popular at the time as they were not a working breed and could not be used to herd animals and tend a farm. It wasn’t until the 1960’s that their popularity began to grow in the United States.
Chihuahua Size and Coat Colors
According to FCI Breed Standard the Chihuahua’s come in both long haired and smooth coat types with a lot of variety in colors. They can weigh up to 6 pounds and reach 8 inches in height.
1. Coat Types
Smooth Coat (Short-haired):
Glossy, soft, and close to the body.
Slightly thicker ruff on the neck (not as pronounced as long-haired).
Long Coat:
Fine, silky, straight or slightly wavy.
Feathering on ears, legs, tail, and a full neck ruff (“frill”).
Techichi Connection: The long coat may trace back to the ancient Techichi, which was exclusively long-haired.
2. Colors & Patterns
Permitted:
All colors and combinations—black, white, fawn, chocolate, blue, cream, sable, brindle, spotted, and more.
Markings: Irish spotting, tan points, or mixed patterns.
Banned:
Merle (a mottled patchwork pattern, often with blue eyes).
Reason: Linked to genetic health risks (deafness, blindness, and other defects due to the M gene).
Some registries (like AKC) allow merle, but FCI and responsible breeders discourage it.
The Rarest Chihuahua Coat Colors
Pure Snow White (Non-Albino)
Requirements: Both parents must carry recessive genes for solid white (no patches or shading).
Albino vs. White: True white Chis have dark eyes/noses; albinos have pink skin/blue eyes (and health risks).
Symbolism: In Mexican folklore, white dogs were considered sacred (linked to Xolotl, the Aztec guide of souls).
Lavender/Lilac (Diluted Chocolate)
A soft, silvery-grayish hue caused by a double dilution gene (dd + bb).
Often confused with “blue” (gray) but has a pinkish undertone.
Brindle
Tiger-like stripes (usually dark on fawn/red).
Rare because the brindle gene (kbr) is recessive and not prioritized in breeding.
Merle (Banned by FCI/AKC Discouraged)
A mottled, patchy pattern (gray/black or red/tan).
Why Excluded? The M gene is linked to:
Deafness/blindness (especially in double-merle pups).
Heart/immune issues.
Puppy Development: Floppy to Erect Ears
Birth–3 Months: All Chihuahua puppies have floppy ears (cartilage is still soft).
3–6 Months: Ears begin standing as cartilage hardens (teething can delay this).
Helpful Tips:
Calcium-rich diet supports ear strength.
Avoid excessive ear handling (can damage cartilage).
If ears don’t stand by 8 months, they might stay floppy (still breed-standard in some cases).
Growing Up Chihuahua!
Get a FREE Video of your dog HERE!
Are Chihuahua’s Trainable?
In this same research the Chihuahua ranks 104th out of 124 breeds in trainability. Essentially, this means they are generally not very eager or willing to learn new commands. They can be very stubborn and may not obey commands quickly without distraction.
Chihuahua Humor!
Chihuahua Intelligence
In the Landmark Book entitled, “The Intelligence of Dogs”, professor Stanley Coren researched and documented the intelligence of over 130 different dog breeds. In his book, the Chihuahua ranks 67th out of 130 breeds in working/obedience intelligence. Essentially this means they will learn new commands in 40 to 80 repetitions and obey first commands more than 30% of the time. This puts them in the “fair working and obedience intelligence” category. In contrast, the most intelligent breeds will learn and follow the same commands in 5 repetitions or less!
Chihuahua’s Want to Be the Boss
Despite Being the Smallest dog breed in the world-they may be one of the bravest. They will generally not back down from bigger dogs and tend to want to become the “boss of the house”. They are extremely loyal dogs and crave attention. Chihuahuas may also be a little bit yappy at times-like barking at that package you just put by the door-but they are just looking out for you! They are truly the ultimate small dog with a BIG personality.
Do Chihuahuas bark a lot?
Yes, Chihuahuas are known for being very vocal. Barking is a natural part of how they communicate and is rooted in their instinct to protect their owners and alert them to any perceived threats . While they may not be suited for those seeking a quiet lap dog , training, socialization, and mental stimulation can help manage excessive barking . To see where the Chihuahua ranks among the most vocal breeds, check out our post on “12 Dog Breeds that Can’t Stop Barking.”
Are Chihuahuas targets of dog thieves?
Yes, Chihuahuas are unfortunately targeted by dog thieves, particularly in urban areas like Los Angeles. Their small size makes them easy to snatch and conceal, while their high value and popularity make them a profitable target. To learn more about which other breeds are at risk, read our post on “10 Dog Breeds at High Risk for Theft.”
Why do Chihuahuas shake so much?
Shaking is one of the most well-known traits of the Chihuahua. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including feeling cold (due to their small size and thin coat), excitement, fear or anxiety, or even low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) . While it is often a normal response, it can sometimes indicate stress or an underlying medical issue.
Are Chihuahuas easy to train?
Chihuahuas are intelligent but can be stubborn, which makes training a challenge. However, they are absolutely trainable with the right approach. The key is consistency, positive reinforcement, and treating them like a dog rather than a baby. One of the most effective training methods for Chihuahuas is clicker training, which provides immediate, clear feedback and helps them quickly understand what behavior earned them a reward. To learn how to get started with this powerful technique, check out our article on “Dog Clicker Training: 8 Simple Steps for Success.” Many behavioral issues, like excessive barking or aggression, are often the result of a lack of proper training and socialization.
Do Chihuahuas have “small dog syndrome”?
The term “small dog syndrome” is used to describe a set of behaviors often seen in small breeds, including barking, aggression, and nervousness. However, experts note that “small dog syndrome” is not a real diagnosis. These behaviors are usually rooted in fear and anxiety caused by inadequate socialization and training, not the dog’s size . Chihuahuas are not “born nervous”—they are often made nervous by an environment that fails to teach them confidence.
Do Chihuahuas get separation anxiety?
Yes, Chihuahuas are a breed that is particularly prone to separation anxiety. They form deep bonds with their owners and can become distressed when left alone, which often manifests as excessive barking, destructive behavior, or house-soiling.
Check Your Chihuahua Facts and Take a Fun Chi Quiz!
Quick Facts About Chihuahuas Infographic
Facts about Chihuahuas-Final Thoughts
Chihuahuas are feisty little dogs who sometimes forget their own size. Whether they have short hair or long hair, these tiny dogs are quick learners and can adapt well to different environments. Despite their small size, Chihuahuas possess a loyal and affectionate nature, and will often stand up to larger dogs with a confident swagger. It’s important to remember that although they may be small, Chihuahuas still require enough exercise to keep them happy and healthy and may need extra warmth in cold weather. With their unique coat varieties and distinct Chihuahua breed characteristics, these little dogs carry a confident nature much larger than their body size!
