Should You Get a Pomeranian?
The Pomeranian may be tiny, but it carries itself with the confidence of a much larger dog. Bold, alert, and highly expressive, this breed thrives on attention and interaction. Poms are affectionate with their people but often vocal and naturally suspicious of strangers, making them surprisingly effective little watchdogs. They are intelligent and quick learners, though their independent streak means training should be consistent and engaging. If you enjoy a lively, personality-packed companion who wants to be noticed, a Pomeranian can be a devoted and entertaining addition to your home.
Pomeranians at a Glance
Temperament: Bold, lively, affectionate, alert
Breed Type: Small companion / spitz-type dog
Height: 6–7 inches
Weight: 3–7 pounds
Lifespan: 12–16 years
Shedding: Moderate to heavy
Exercise Needs: Low to moderate
Good for Families: Yes — with gentle handling
Best for Owners: Attentive, consistent, noise-tolerant
Origin: Germany / Poland
Where Did Pomeranians Originate? Uncovering Their Icy Past
While their ancestors were sturdy sled dogs from the Arctic regions of Lapland and Greenland, the Pomeranian breed as we know it was truly defined in the historical region of Pomerania. Located in modern-day northern Poland and Germany, this area is where these Spitz-type dogs were selectively bred down in size and skyrocketed in popularity, ultimately earning them the name “Pomeranian.”
What’s in a Name? The Pomeranian’s German Spitz Heritage
In Germany, the Pomeranian isn’t considered a separate breed but is instead classified as a size variant of the German Spitz, specifically the Zwergspitz (Dwarf Spitz). This is why they were officially known as the “German Spitz” internationally until 1974. Their history is reflected in a variety of former names, from the regional “Pommer” to descriptive terms like Fox Dog and Wolfsspitz.
How Big Were Original Pomeranians? From Sled Dogs to Lap Dogs
It’s hard to imagine, but the original Pomeranian was a robust dog weighing 30 to 40 pounds—similar in size to a modern-day American Cocker Spaniel. Their transformation into the tiny, fluffy companions we know today occurred primarily in England, where they were favored by royalty and selectively bred down to their current petite size.
Purebred Pomeranian DNA Relationships
In Landmark Research on modern dog breed development, the Pomeranian has been shown to share the most DNA with an ancestor of the following breeds:
Volpino
Keeshond
Standard Schnauzer
Are Pomeranians Good Watchdogs? The Tiny Guard Dog
Don’t let their small size fool you—Pomeranians are exceptional watchdogs. They possess a bold, confident personality and are highly alert, always monitoring their surroundings for anything out of the ordinary. With a keen intuition, they will promptly bark to alert you of visitors or strange noises. This fearless “big dog” attitude means they won’t hesitate to stand their ground, making them a surprisingly effective and vocal little guardian.
Pomeranian Dog Breed Standard
The American Kennel Club breed standard defines the ideal Pomeranian as a compact toy breed, standing 6 to 7 inches tall at the shoulder and weighing a mere 3 to 7 pounds. When it comes to appearance, Poms are a rainbow of possibilities; the AKC accepts all colors, patterns, and variations, meaning every coat is judged equally, from solid blacks to unique parti-colors.
The FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) does not recognize the “Pomeranian” as a separate breed. Instead, it is classified as a size variant of the German Spitz (Deutscher Spitz).
Under the FCI Standard No. 97, the Pomeranian is known as the Zwergspitz (which translates to “Dwarf Spitz”).
Here’s a breakdown of the FCI’s German Spitz categories:
Wolfsspitz / Keeshond: The largest, at 49 cm ± 6 cm.
Grossspitz (Giant/ Large Spitz): 46 cm ± 4 cm.
Mittelspitz (Medium Spitz): 34 cm ± 4 cm.
Kleinspitz (Small Spitz): 26 cm ± 3 cm.
Zwergspitz (Dwarf Spitz / Pomeranian): 18 cm ± 2 cm.
So, while the AKC and other kennel clubs treat the Pomeranian as its own distinct breed, the FCI views it as the smallest member of the single, cohesive German Spitz family.
What is a Teacup Pomeranian? Understanding the “Teacup” Label
The term “Teacup Pomeranian” is not a recognized breed classification but a marketing term for Poms that fall significantly below the AKC standard weight of 3 to 7 pounds. These dogs typically weigh less than 3 pounds. The AKC considers undersized dogs “objectionable” as they often face serious health risks, but they are not automatically disqualified from being shown. It’s crucial for buyers to understand that this label signifies a high-risk, out-of-standard dog, not a rare or superior variety.
Pomeranian Health Alert: Understanding Collapsing Trachea
A collapsing trachea is a common and serious health issue in Pomeranians, where the windpipe cartilage weakens and flattens, causing a characteristic “goose honk” cough. While this condition can be managed with medication and diagnosed via X-ray, prevention is key. The single most important precaution owners can take is to avoid using a neck collar, as the pressure on the throat can damage the trachea. Always use a secure harness for walks instead.
Growing Up Pomeranian
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How Fast Can a Pomeranian Run?
The AKC Conducts Dog Racing Trials each December in Orlando, FL. called the Fast CAT Invitational. This is a 100 yard race where dogs run individually chasing a lure. The average running speed by Pomeranian’s is almost 16 mph. The fastest recorded speed by a Pomeranian was by a dog named MACH Merlin VIII at 22.90 mph!
The White Pomeranian Paradox: How Color Can Affect Size
Breeders focusing exclusively on white Pomeranians have observed a curious trend: over several generations, the dogs often become larger and develop longer ears and snouts, deviating from the desired compact “type.” This suggests a potential genetic link in Poms between the genes responsible for a pure white coat and those influencing bone structure and size, making selective breeding for both color and conformation a significant challenge.
Pomeranian Personality and Temperament
The CBARQ Dog Temperament Research study, conducted at the University of Pennsylvania, is a giant study of over 300 dog breeds and 60,000 individual dogs. In this study, the Pomeranian ranks 38 out of 124 breeds in attention seeking behaviors. They want your attention and may get jealous when you give it to another dog/person. They also rank high for developing separation anxiety.
Are Pom’s Excitable?
the Pomeranian ranks very high (27 out of 124 breeds) in excitability. Essentially, this means when a stimulating event occurs such as getting ready for a walk, guests arriving, a knock on the door etc. a Pom may have a difficult time calming down afterwards. They can be quite hyper!
Pomeranian Humor!
Pomeranian Intelligence
In the Landmark Book entitled, “The Intelligence of Dogs”, professor Stanley Coren researched and documented the intelligence of over 130 different dog breeds. In his book, the Pomeranian ranks 23rd out of 138 breeds in working/obedience intelligence. Essentially this means they will learn new commands in 5 to 15 repetitions and obey first commands 80% of the time or better. This puts them in the “excellent working and obedience intelligence” category. In contrast, the least intelligent breeds will learn the same command in 80-100 repetitions.
Pomeranian Health and Lifespan
With an average lifespan of 12 to 16 years, Pomeranians are a wonderfully long-lived toy breed, with some, like the record-holding Coty who lived to 21 years and 8 months, reaching exceptional ages. Their longevity is a testament to their hardy nature, but they are prone to certain health issues. Responsible owners should be aware of common conditions like Patella Luxation (slipping kneecaps), Collapsing Trachea, and Hypothyroidism to ensure their Pom lives a full and healthy life.
Why Do Pomeranians Spin in Circles? The Happy Pom Dance
One of the most endearing and comical Pomeranian traits is the “zoomies” or a joyful spin cycle. When overcome with excitement or happiness, a Pom may erupt into a burst of energy, spinning in fast, dizzying circles. This is perfectly normal, healthy behavior and is simply their way of expressing pure delight. Be warned, though—if you try to follow the action too closely, you’re the one who might end up feeling dizzy!
Check Your Pomeranian Facts and Take a Fun Pom Quiz!
Quick Facts About Pomeranians Infographic
Pomeranian Dog Facts-Final Thoughts
From their origins as hardy Arctic sled dogs to their status as beloved royal companions, Pomeranians have an interesting and surprising history. These tiny dogs defy their small stature, boasting a larger-than-life personality, impressive intelligence, and a fearless heart that makes them excellent watchdogs. While their luxurious double coat requires dedicated grooming and they can be prone to specific health issues like a collapsing trachea, the reward is immense. With a lifespan of 12-16 years, a Pomeranian is more than just a pet; they are a loyal, entertaining, and deeply affectionate member of the family. Whether they’re charming you with a joyful spin, astonishing you with record-breaking tricks, or simply curling up in your lap, a well-cared-for Pom truly offers a world of wonder in one small, fluffy package.
